本文使用中国社会状况综合调查(Chinese Social Survey,简称CSS)数据测量职业和行业从业人员的技能水平。45CSS是中国社会科学院社会学研究所于2005年发起的一项全国范围的大型连续性抽样调查项目,采用概率抽样,调查区域覆盖了全国31个省区市,每次调查访问7000到10000余个家庭。本文使用其公开的2006、2008、2011、2013、2015、2017和2019年数据。该项调查有劳动者对于其工作所需技能水平自我评价的信息,题目是”您认为您的工作性质属于”,2006年该题的选项依次是:(1)需要很高专业技能的工作,(2)需要较高专业技能的工作,(3)半技术半体力工作,(4)体力劳动工作。2008、2011、2013年的选项增加了”需要一些专业技能的工作”和”其他”。2015、2017和2019年原有选项”半技术半体力工作”和”体力劳动工作” 整合为”不需要专业技能的工作”。尽管各个年份选项上有差异,但每年度的该问题都是一个等级变量。因此,在剔除少量选择”其他”的个体,本研究根据每年数据计算每种职业和每个行业的劳动者在该变量上的均值,以此来衡量单个职业或者行业从业者的平均技能水平。为提高估算的准确性,在估算每年职业或行业的技能水平的基础上,使用各期数据按每年的样本量加权求均值,最终计算出跨年度的每一个职业和行业的技能水平的整体得分,参见表@tbl-table1和表 @tbl-table2。
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